Shapie, M.N.M. (1,2) & Mohd Hanizul, N.H (1,3)
1. Fakulti Sains Sukan dan Rekreasi, Universiti Teknologi MARA, 40450 Shah Alam, Selangor.
2. Pertubuhan Seni Gayung Fatani Malaysia
3. Taekwondo Malaysia (WTF)
2. Pertubuhan Seni Gayung Fatani Malaysia
3. Taekwondo Malaysia (WTF)
Abstract
The
purpose of this analysis was to determine the losing factors of team Vietnam in
28th SEA Games 2015 held in Singapore. The four selected losing
matches from team Vietnam that were used for analysis were men class B
semi-finals, men class C final, men class E final and men class F final. There
is a total of 14 indicators used to analyse the matches, but only 4 indicators
were used for the discussion.
Keywords: Silat, Kicking, Martial Arts, Performance Analysis
Introduction
Dated
back to over a 1000 years ago, silat has a very mixed history as it was formed
from headhunting skills by natives from Indian, Chinese and Japanese martial
arts. Silat bounds the martial arts of the Malaysian Archipelago, Indonesia and
surrounding Southeast Asian areas and has various names depending on the region
it is practised in. There are hundreds of different styles and schools but they
tend to focus either on strikes, joint manipulation, throws, weaponry, or some
combination. There are separate national organisations in each of the main
countries the sport is practised in. These are Ikatan Pencak Silat Indonesia (IPSI)
from Indonesia, Persekutuan Silat
Kebangsaan Malaysia (PESAKA) from Malaysia, Persekutuan Silat Brunei Darussalam (PERSIB)
from Brunei and Persekutuan
Silat Singapura (PERSISI) from Singapore. Practitioners are
called pesilat. The common name within Indonesia and Malaysia is Pencak Silat. It comprises of two terms
used in different regions. The word “pencak” and its dialetic derivatives such
as “penca” (West Java) and “mancak” (Madura and Bali) is commonly used in Java,
Madura and Bali whereas the term “silat” os “silek” is used in Sumatra. Pencak silat was included in the 14th
SEA Games 1987 held in Jakarta, Indonesia when IPSI presented it. The rules of silat olahraga have been arranged in the
year 1973. For the Tanding (match) cateogory, the arena will have a 10 by 10
metres mattress set up with a round match ground measuring 8 metres wide in
diameter. The middle of the match ground is marked with a circle measuring
three metres in diameter, which separates the opponents at the beginning of a
competition. The two opposing sides are corners at the points of the square
arena which are labelled in blue and red at diagonal ends, while the other two
corners, marked yellow, are neutral
areas. Tunggal (single), Ganda (double),
and Regu (team) categories simply use the entire 10 by 10 metre
performance arena.
Materials and Methods
A
publicly available video of four male silat matches from the 28th
SEA Games 2015 competition in Singapore were taken from Youtube and used for
this analysis. The videos taken were of male matches from class B (-55kg),
class C (-60kg), class E (-70kg), and class F (-75kg). There were 14 different
types of indicators used to analyse the matches. The frequency, mean and
standard deviation of the performance were calculated subsequently. The methods
used for the analysis were video analysis and hand notational.
Motion categories
Silat
exponent’s motion were divided into 14 different types of categories and were
defined as follows:
Punch:
The punch ‘tumbuk’ attack is done by a
hand with a closed fist hitting the target. In silat punching is often used to fight
the opponent. It can be a straight punch ‘tumbuk lurus’ or uppercut ‘sauk’ to
the exponent body’s.
Kick:
The
kick ‘tendang / terajang’ is an attacking movement which is performed with one
leg or two legs simultaneously. A kick can be aimed at any target. It can be
front kick ‘tendang depan’, side-kick ‘depak’ or semi-circular side kick
‘tendang lengkar’.
Block:
The
blocking movements begin with the posture position ‘sikap pasang’: the exponent
stands straight with his hands around his body or close to his chest. Blocking
or parrying ‘tangkisan’ can be done using arms, elbows and legs with the
purpose to block off or striking back at any attack.
Catch:
The
catch ‘tangkapan’ is done by using the hand to ob - struct the opponent from
carrying out an attack. The silat ex - ponent is able to prevent himself from
being attacked by pointing the attack which he has caught to another direction.
A catch which twists or drags the opponent is forbidden. Also, a catch which
could break the part which is being held such as the leg and waist is also
forbidden. These regulations exist to protect the silat exponent’s.
Topple:
There
are various ways of toppling down one’s opponent. For example, a silat exponent
‘pesilat’ can either push, shove the opponent’s back leg from the bag or from
the side, shove, hit, kick, strike or punch to make the opponent lose his
balance. Every fall is considered valid as long as the silat exponent topples
his opponent down without wrestling or he is able to overpower the opponent
whom he has brought down.
Sweep:
Swiping
‘sapuan’ involves attacking an opponent’s leg which are on the ground to
unstabilise him and bring down to the ground. A silat exponent can perform this
attacking movement either with his right or left leg, Hence, front sweep ‘sapu
- an depan’ is done by swinging the leg to the front to push an opponent’s
front leg, while back sweep ‘sapuan belakang’ is carried out by swinging the
leg backward to hit the back leg.
Evade/Dodge:
The
evade ‘elakan’ technique is carried out by silat exponent when he tries to
evade an attack. This technique does not require the silat exponent to touch
the opponent in fending off the attack. They are many ways of carrying out his
de - fensive movement such as dodging ‘gelek’, retreat ‘mundur’, evasion to the
side ‘elak sisi’, bending ‘elak serung’, jumping ‘lonjak’, ducking ‘susup’ and
etc.
Self-Release:
Self-release
‘lepas tangkapan’ technique is a technique to unlock any clinch or catch from
an opponent.
Block and Punch:
The
blocking technique used to block any hand or leg attack from the opponent and
followed by a counter attack using the hand to punch the opponent.
Block and Kick:
The blocking technique used to block any
hand or leg attack from the opponent followed by a counter attack using the leg
to kick the opponent.
Block and Sweep:
The
blocking technique used to block any hand or leg attack from the opponent
followed by a counter attack using the sweeping technique towards the opponent.
Fake Punch:
An
action which a silat exponent intends to confuse the opponent using a fake
punch to break their opponent’s defensive posture.
Fake Kick:
An
action which a silat exponent intends to confuse the opponent using a fake kick
to break their opponent’s defensive posture.
Others:
Both
silat exponents are either in the ready position ‘sikap pasang’ or coming close
to each other using the silat step pattern ‘pola langkah’.
All
the categories are considered high intensity except for others due to the low intensity periods of both silat exponents.
STATISTICAL ANALYSIS
The
observation generated data will be frequency counted, a method of recording in
observational research in which the researcher records each occurrence clearly
defined behaviour within a certain time frame [12]. All the raw data collected
from all matches used the system produced by Shapie et. al (2013). Statistical
analysis was conducted using Statistical Package for Social Scientists, version
20.0. A descriptive analysis was used to determine the difference of
performance between the winners and losers in the silat matches.
Results
The tables below show the
actions performed during competitions and their outcomes in the match, the
frequency profile of actions for all 4 matches of all 8 contestants which
consist of class B, class C, class E and class F, and mean and standard
deviation for all matches.
Table 1
Frequency of actions and outcomes recorded during match Vietnam class B
Action
|
Outcome
|
||||
Hit Elsewhere
|
Hit Target
|
Miss Opponent
|
Not Available*
|
Total
|
|
Block
|
13
|
13
|
|||
Block and Kick
|
|||||
Blok and Punch
|
1
|
1
|
2
|
||
Block and Sweep
|
1
|
1
|
|||
Kick
|
7
|
6
|
2
|
15
|
|
Fake Kick
|
5
|
5
|
|||
Punch
|
10
|
6
|
2
|
1
|
19
|
Fake Punch
|
1
|
1
|
|||
Self-Release
|
1
|
1
|
|||
Topple
|
4
|
2
|
6
|
||
Sweep
|
3
|
3
|
|||
Catch
|
3
|
1
|
1
|
5
|
|
Dodge
|
2
|
2
|
|||
Others
|
32
|
32
|
|||
Total
|
30
|
31
|
4
|
40
|
105
|
Table 2
Frequency profile of the 2 contestants in class B
Exponent
|
Block
|
Punch
|
Kick
|
Topple
|
Others
|
Total
|
Win
|
8
|
9
|
8
|
5
|
24
|
54
|
Lose
|
7
|
12
|
12
|
1
|
19
|
51
|
Total
|
15
|
21
|
20
|
6
|
43
|
105
|
Table 3
Frequency of actions and outcomes recorded during match Vietnam class C
Action
|
Outcome
|
||||
Hit Elsewhere
|
Hit Target
|
Miss Opponent
|
Not Available*
|
Total
|
|
Block
|
16
|
16
|
|||
Block and Kick
|
|||||
Blok and Punch
|
|||||
Block and Sweep
|
|||||
Kick
|
10
|
8
|
10
|
28
|
|
Fake Kick
|
1
|
1
|
|||
Punch
|
7
|
13
|
8
|
28
|
|
Fake Punch
|
2
|
2
|
|||
Self-Release
|
1
|
1
|
|||
Topple
|
7
|
3
|
10
|
||
Sweep
|
1
|
10
|
11
|
||
Catch
|
6
|
1
|
7
|
||
Dodge
|
7
|
7
|
|||
Others
|
42
|
42
|
|||
Total
|
18
|
58
|
31
|
45
|
153
|
Table 4
Frequency profile of the 2 contestants in class C
Exponent
|
Block
|
Punch
|
Kick
|
Topple
|
Others
|
Total
|
Win
|
7
|
15
|
14
|
3
|
24
|
63
|
Lose
|
9
|
15
|
15
|
7
|
44
|
90
|
Total
|
16
|
30
|
29
|
10
|
68
|
153
|
Table 5
Frequency of actions and outcomes recorded during match Vietnam class E
Action
|
Outcome
|
||||
Hit Elsewhere
|
Hit Target
|
Miss Opponent
|
Not Available*
|
Total
|
|
Block
|
19
|
19
|
|||
Block and Kick
|
1
|
1
|
|||
Blok and Punch
|
1
|
1
|
|||
Block and Sweep
|
|||||
Kick
|
13
|
14
|
23
|
50
|
|
Fake Kick
|
3
|
3
|
|||
Punch
|
6
|
7
|
1
|
14
|
|
Fake Punch
|
|||||
Self-Release
|
|||||
Topple
|
1
|
9
|
2
|
12
|
|
Sweep
|
3
|
1
|
2
|
6
|
|
Catch
|
14
|
2
|
16
|
||
Dodge
|
7
|
7
|
|||
Others
|
36
|
36
|
|||
Total
|
24
|
73
|
30
|
39
|
166
|
Table 6
Frequency profile of the 2 contestants in class E
Exponent
|
Block
|
Punch
|
Kick
|
Topple
|
Others
|
Total
|
Win
|
13
|
2
|
15
|
10
|
35
|
75
|
Lose
|
8
|
13
|
29
|
2
|
20
|
72
|
Total
|
21
|
15
|
44
|
12
|
55
|
147
|
Table 7
Frequency of actions and outcomes recorded during match Vietnam class F
Action
|
Outcome
|
||||
Hit Elsewhere
|
Hit Target
|
Miss Opponent
|
Not Available*
|
Total
|
|
Block
|
20
|
20
|
|||
Block and Kick
|
|||||
Blok and Punch
|
|||||
Block and Sweep
|
|||||
Kick
|
13
|
6
|
5
|
24
|
|
Fake Kick
|
1
|
1
|
|||
Punch
|
3
|
13
|
16
|
||
Fake Punch
|
|||||
Self-Release
|
|||||
Topple
|
3
|
7
|
2
|
12
|
|
Sweep
|
7
|
1
|
8
|
||
Catch
|
9
|
9
|
|||
Dodge
|
4
|
4
|
|||
Others
|
39
|
39
|
|||
Total
|
26
|
59
|
8
|
40
|
133
|
Table 8
Frequency profile of the 2 contestants in class F
Exponent
|
Block
|
Punch
|
Kick
|
Topple
|
Others
|
Total
|
Win
|
11
|
4
|
2
|
8
|
36
|
61
|
Lose
|
9
|
12
|
23
|
4
|
24
|
72
|
Total
|
20
|
16
|
25
|
12
|
60
|
133
|
Table 9 Mean
frequency profile for winner and loser
Exponent
|
Block
|
Punch
|
Kick
|
Topple
|
Others
|
Total
|
Win
|
9.25
|
9.50
|
15.00
|
6.50
|
29.75
|
70.00
|
Lose
|
8.25
|
11.00
|
14.50
|
3.50
|
26.75
|
64.00
|
Total
|
17.50
|
20.50
|
29.50
|
10.00
|
56.50
|
134.00
|
Table 10
Standard deviation of all actions for winner and loser
Exponent
|
Standard Deviation
|
Win
|
57.91
|
Lose
|
63.18
|
Discussion
The
data above were all collected by analysing the matches from the 28th
SEA Games 2015, men semi-final class B, men final class C, men final class E
and men final class F. Based on the results above, the overall dominant action
in team Vietnam is punch whereas the less dominant action is topple.
The
first match analysed was men class B semi-final between Vietnam’s Duy Phuong Vo
and Malaysia’s Muhammad Faizul M Nasir. In this match, it shows that the
Vietnam player is more aggressive than his opponent. However, his opponent does
not seem to attack much and waits for counter-attack to perform the topple
action. We can also see that the Vietnam player is not physically strong enough
to counter or release from his opponents topple. He could have caught up with
the score and won the match but sadly he got disqualified for punching his
opponent in the eye.
In
the second match was men class C final between Vietnam’s Nguyen Thai Linh
Nguyen and Thailand’s Adilan Chemaeng. He was very confident with his actions
and his tactical were very good seeming that his timing was on point to be able
to topple down his opponent more. Unfortunately, he also lost the match by
getting disqualified by accidentally punching his opponent straight in the
face. Despite being disqualified, he could have won the match with his skills
and tactics.
The
third match was between Vietnam’s Van Hoang Vu and Malaysia’s Mohd Al Jufferi
Jamari. Based on the frequency of actions table, the Vietnam pesilat is very
active in attacking. He often tries to kick his opponent but hits elsewhere or
misses his opponents. Furthermore, it is suspected that his opponent is
familiar with the Vietnam pesilat’s tactic of kicking by attacking, therefore
he uses the opportunity to have won the match by catching the Vietnam pesilat’s
leg and topples him down.
The
fourth and last match was between Vietnam’s Dinh Nam Tran and Singapore’s
Muhammad Nur Alfian Juma’en. His mistake was also the same as the third match.
He attacks by kicking and his opponent grabs his leg and topples him down.
Although his actions were more than his opponent in the frequency profile, he
had to change his strategy to counter his opponent’s actions.
Based
on the mean calculated, team Vietnam’s actions were lower than their opponents.
Their actions were easily predicted by their opponents. Although they realise
their opponent is leading, they did not change tactic to give them the
advantage of scoring. Furthermore, they did not perform much topple in their
matches.
Conclusion
In
conclusion, the analysis has shown that team Vietnam lost due to the lack of
topple. Class B pesilat had the opportunity to catch up and gain points to win
before he got disqualified. Class C pesilat could have won the match with his
skills and strategy but a simple accident got him disqualified. For class E, he
should have changed his strategy for the game to prevent from being toppled
down many times. Class F pesilat should have performed less but powerful and
useful actions.
For
recommendation, team Vietnam should train more to relax in the ring. They
should not be hurried to attack. They should learn to counter-attack as well.
Moreover, they also should not waste their energy performing unnecessary
actions that will not help them gain points. Furthermore, they must train more
on toppling down their opponents. Nevertheless, the most important improvement
that need to be made is that they must build up their strength, speed,
quickness and agility to move faster in the ring. Lastly, they must polish and enhance
their skills to prevent mistakes from happening that can get them disqualified.
References
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About Author:
This article was submitted by Lyana Hanizul, an expert of martial art. Did you find this article useful?
For more questions, please email: lyanahanizul007@gmail.com
For more questions, please email: lyanahanizul007@gmail.com
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